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Oculoplastics is the branch of the ophthalmology that is addressing eyelids, lachrymal ducts and orbit diseases. Oculoplastics includes surgeries for the removal of under eye bags and intraocular tumors, prosthesis eye and aesthetic purpose eye and eye contour surgeres and Botox treatment.
- Eyelid Diseases
- Lachrymal System Diseases
- Prosthesis Eye Disorders
- Orbital Diseases
- Ocular Onkology
- Aesthetic Eye Contour Problems
Eyelid Diseases
Hordeolum:
Hordeolum is a kind of the eye infection (ophthalmia). It develops within 1 to 2 days. It reveals itself together with a stinging pain in the eye and distention feeling on the eyelid.
In early diagnosis, use of eye-drops, antibiotics and ointments may prevent growth of the Hordeolum; however since the diagnosis is generally made 1 or 2 days later, treatment of it requires longer times.
Advanced Hordeolum cases are called chalazion and blepharitis.
Dropping Eyelids (Ptozis):
Ptozis is an upper eyelid dropping more than it should be. The space between the upper and lower eyelid vary from one person to another. It can be treated generally by surgery. The method of surgery to be employed is decided after the examination of the eyelid.
Ingrown Eyelashes (Trichiasis, Distichiasis):
Ingrown eyelashes may either be congenital (Distichiasis) or developed as the result of the turning inversion of either the eyelid margin (Entropion) or only the eyelashes (Trichiasis). The only treatment option is surgery.
Eyelid Tumors:
Majority of the tumors on or around the eyelid are benign tumors. Upon improvement of any non-healing wounds on the eyelid, an eye doctor should be visited with no delay in order to be informed of whether it is a malignant tumor or not. The only treatment option is surgery.
Eyelid Injuries:
Eyelid injuries may occur as the result of physical impacts (traffic accidents, injuries, etc.) or contact with chemical agents (bleaches, hydrochloric acid or caustic lime, etc.). Any failure in the administration of a proper treatment starting from early times after occurrence of any such injury may lead to serious visual impairments or eyelid deformities.
Age Related Eyelid Deformities:
Eyelid Deformities may improve by aging, or even in youngsters due to genetic factors. Eyebrows and eyelids may drop, lower eyelids may turn inwards or outwards, bags or troughs and wrinkles may form under or around the eyes. The only treatment option is surgery.
Facial Paralysis:
Facial Paralysis improves as the result of failure for any reason of the functioning of the nerves ensuring movement of eyebrows, eyelids and face. In the case of temporary Facial Paralysis, medical treatment is administered in order to protect the eye. As for the permanent Facial Paralysis, various surgical treatments are practiced.
Congenital Eyelid Deformations:
The most common congenital eyelid deformation is the Dropping Eyelids (Ptozis). There are some other eyelid deformations such as adhered eyelids (Ankyloblefaron), inversion (Entropion) or eversion (Ektropion) of the eyelid margin, a missing piece or tear in the eyelid (Coloboma), double rows of eyelashes (Distichiasis).
Involuntary Contraction of Eye (Blepharospazm):
Blepharospazm is uncontrollable contractions around the eye cause of which is unknown. It is seen in persons in the middle or advanced ages. Some patients are incapable of using their eyes due to the spasms and their daily lives are highly affected. The treatment may be either by medication or surgery.
Inversion of the Eyelid (Entropion):
Entropion, the inversion of the eyelid, is generally seen on the lower eyelid. Inversion of the eyelid may be congenital or may improve later. The only treatment option is surgery.
Eversion of the Eyelid (Ektropion):
Eversion of the eyelid margin generally improves by getting older. It may as well improve upon paralysis of the nerves on the eyelid (Facial Paralysis) or injuries. The only treatment option is surgery.
Lachrymal System Diseases:
Eye Dryness (Xerophthalmia):
Eye Dryness causes symptoms varying according to the severity of the insufficiency of the tear. Symptoms start from minor complaints such as slight burning, dilution and redness bothering occasionally and may be as severe as significantly impairing quality of vision and life. Artificial tear drops are used as treatment of minor cases with regard to the principle of replacing the missing. Severe eye dryness cases necessitate more rigorous and special treatments.
Non-Congenital Lachrymal Duct Obstructions:
Causes of the non-congenital Lachrymal Duct Obstructions are generally unknown. The obstruction is at the joining point of the lachrymal sac and the duct. Lachrymal Duct Obstructions are more common in women. The only treatment option is surgery.
Congenital Lachrymal Duct Obstructions:
Lachryma discharging ducts continue to grow after birth. If the growth of the ducts would not be completed after the birth in some babies, some symptoms such as dilution and getting crusty may be seen. Case-specific treatments are administered taking into consideration the condition of patient.
Lachrymal System Tumors:
Lachrymal gland tumors are seen more often than the Lachryma discharging system tumors. These tumors are more prevalent in adults. Treatment is varying as to the type of tumor.
Lachrymation:
Lachrymation is caused either due to the excessiveness of the production of lachryma or slowness or failure of lachryma discharge. Increased production of Lachrymation is caused by various reasons. Lachrymation disappears upon removal of the effective cause.
Lachrymal Duct Injuries:
Lachrymal Duct Injuries generally occur together with eyelid injuries. If they would not be treated at the early stages and properly, they may lead to permanent obstruction of the lachrymal ducts, continuous lachrymation and formation of crust. Lachrymal Duct Injuries should be examined by an eye doctor and any disorder in the lachrymal ducts as a result of trauma should be treated.
Prosthesis Eye Disorders:
Enucleation – Evisceration:
Removal of the whole eye nonfunctioning as a result of any disease, injury, or other reasons is called "Enucleation". Muscles ensuring the functioning of the eye are not removed. Preferably a ball (implant) is placed in order to compensate the volume removed.
The other technique practiced if removal of the eye would be required is "Evisceration". In this technique, the sclerotic white tissue that is the outer part of the eye and called "sclera" is not removed; only the diseased tissues in the eye are removed.
Exenteration:
Exenteration is a surgical method used for the treatment of malign tumors originating from eyelids, eye or orbit and metastasizes through the neighboring tissues.
Eye Prosthesis:
Eye Prosthesis are the devices placed after surgeries such as Enucleation or Evisceration, in cases of being born without eye(s) or extreme smallness of eyes and imitating the other eye and thusly ensuring the symmetry on the face.
Motile Eye Prosthesis:
Placement of a ball (implant) after an Enucleation or Evisceration surgery is a procedure increasing the motility of the prosthesis.
Narrowed Eye Socket:
The hallow behind the eye lids wherein the prosthesis is placed and which is covered with conjunctiva is called the "eye socket".
Orbital Diseases
Eye Diseases Associated With Thyroid (Graves Disease):
Certain diseases of the thyroid gland playing a vital role in the regulation of metabolism cause various disorders and deformations in the eye. This is more likely in case of the extreme functioning of thyroid gland (hyperthyroid). Symptoms such as forward displacement of the eyes (Exophtalmie, Proptosis), extreme distances between eyelids, cross eyes, double vision and poor vision are the most common disorders. This disease is also called as "Thyroid Orbitopathy" or "Graves Orbitopathy" and may show a slight course or may show a severe course that may lead to loss of vision. Treatment is determined taking into consideration the stage and severity of the disease and, it being active or not.
Orbital Infections:
Orbital infections may improve either by microbial factors or in association with no microbial factors but the body immune system. Even though microbial orbital infections are generally seen in kids and especially following any traumatic infections; they may be suffered in all ages in association with so many factors, especially following trauma. If microbial orbital infections would not be treated properly and as well at the early stages, they may turn out to be such severe cases that may threaten the vision, and even the life, of the patient. They may be treated by administration of medication or surgery. In cases wherein cortisone treatment would give no respond, radiotherapy may be required.
Orbital Tumors:
Benign or malign orbital tumors approximately constitute 20% of all orbital disorders. Tumors may be life-threatening by metastasizing into the tissues around the eyes and other parts of the body, before than the others, into the brain. Therefore early diagnosis and treatment is of importance.
Orbital Injuries:
Because of the closeness of orbit to the vital organs, orbital injuries may be life-threatening. Therefore, brain functions and respiratory tract of the injured person should be examined before than anything else. Exposure risk of the eye to any orbital injury is pretty high. Therefore, after any trauma, the eye should be examined at the outset. The only treatment option is surgery.
Extreme Smallness of the Eye or Absence of the Eye (Anophthalmia):
Since existence and normal dimensions of the eye ensure the improvement of the tissues surrounding the eye, in cases of underdeveloped eyes, eyelids, soft tissues and the bone frame around the eye cannot develop to a certain size. In mild to moderate cases, gradually enlarged conformers are used; however for severe cases surgery may be inevitable.
Ocular Onkology
Eyelid Tumors:
Approximately ¾ of the tumors those develop on or around the eyelid are benign tumors. Any unhealed lesion on the eyelid should be examined by an eye doctor to be determined whether it has a malign nature. The only treatment option is surgery.
Lachrymal System Tumors:
Lachrymal gland tumors are seen more often than the Lachryma discharging system tumors. These tumors are more prevalent in adults. Treatment is varying as to the type of tumor. Surgical operation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the methods resorted in the treatment process.
Intraocular Tumors (Melanoma):
Uveal Melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor seen in adults. It would not have any vital risk as long as they do not grow out of the ocular. The only treatment option for these tumors is surgery and the eye needs to be removed (Enucleation). Regarding the tumors with smaller diameters, radiation therapy (radiotherapy), plaque radiotherapy (bracytherapy) or transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) may be applied.
Intraocular Tumors (Retinoblastoma):
Retinoblastoma is the most common type of the intraocular tumors seen in childhood. Surgery, radiation therapy and laser practices are the treatment techniques applied nowadays.
Capillary Hemangioma:
Capillary Hemangioma is benign lesions of tangled bundle of capillary vessels that develop, either before birth or during the first a few months following the birth, especially on the eyelids, and also around and behind the eyes. The lesions those have any effect on vision should be treated.
Cavernous Hemangioma:
Cavernous Hemangioma is a benign orbital tumor most commonly seen in adulthood. They should be removed by surgical operation.
Lymphangioma:
Although it is a benign capillary lesion, Lymphangioma is difficult case to be fully treated because of the metastasis and gradual growth of the lesion among the intraocular tissues. Treatment of each and every case is different.
Lymphoma:
Lymphoma is one of the frequently seen orbital tumors and frequency of Lymphoma is gradually increasing. Treatment method may be radiation therapy or chemotherapy, as the case may be.
Meningioma:
Meningioma is a benign neurogenic orbital tumor. Treatment of each and every case is different.
Optic Glioma:
Optic Glioma is a tumor developing on the optic nerves and opric pathways. Optic Glioma may be treated either by surgery, or by radiotherapy, as the case may be.
Rabdomyosarcoma:
Rabdomyosarcoma is the most common type of the malign orbital tumors seen in childhood. Treatment method is surgery together with radiation therapy (radiotherapy) or medication (chemotherapy), as the case may be.
Aesthetic Eye Contour Problems
Dropping Eyelids (Ptozis):
The dropping of the upper eyelids is called Ptozis. Dropping eyelids may be seen both in newborns and adults and elders. Ptozis is treated by surgery.
Age-Related Eyelid Deformations:
By aging, eyebrows and eyelids may drop, lower eyelids may turn inwards or outwards, bags or troughs and wrinkles may form under or around the eyes. The only treatment option is surgery. Eyelid Deformities may develop by aging, or even in youngsters due to genetic factors. Such deformations around the eyelid give the person a sleepy, unhappy and tired look. Treatment method is determined according to the nature of problem.
Under Eye Bags:
The most significant factor of the formation of the under eye bags is genetic factors. Under eye bags give the person an older and tired look. Treatment option is removal or relocation of the excessive fatty tissue.
Skin Rejuvenation by Radiofrequency:
Radiofrequency is a non-surgical technology used to obtain a wrinkle-free, smooth skin look. When it is applied on the regions such as crows feet and wrinkles among the brows; it boosts the collagen production and make you look younger.
Botox:
Botox is a kind of toxin injected in order to get rid of the wrinkles those are the indications of getting older. The most advantageous side of Botox is the protection of your natural look.